Primary Coronary Angioplasty, also known as Primary PCI, is the most effective treatment for an acute heart attack (STEMI). The procedure rapidly opens the blocked coronary artery, restores blood flow, and prevents permanent damage to the heart muscle. It is the gold standard recommended by global guidelines (ESC, ACC/AHA) when performed within the recommended time window.
Primary PCI is a time-critical, life-saving procedure that restores blood flow during a heart attack and preserves heart muscle.
During a heart attack, a coronary artery becomes completely blocked, usually by a blood clot. Primary PCI involves immediate coronary angiography, identification of the blocked artery, clot removal if required, balloon angioplasty, and placement of a stent to keep the artery open — all performed without prior clot-busting medication.
- Immediate coronary angiography
- Identification of the blocked artery
- Thrombosuction (clot removal) if required
- Balloon angioplasty to open the artery
- Drug-eluting stent placement
- Rapid restoration of blood flow
Why Is Primary PCI So Important?
In a heart attack, every minute counts — “Time is Muscle.” Delayed treatment can lead to permanent heart damage, heart failure, arrhythmias, or death. Primary PCI significantly improves survival and reduces long-term complications.
Primary PCI is recommended when a patient presents with chest pain suggestive of myocardial infarction, ECG showing ST-elevation (STEMI), and symptoms within 12 hours of onset. It is preferred when a 24×7 cath lab and experienced cardiologists are available.
The first 60–90 minutes offer the best chance to save heart muscle. Treatment remains effective up to 6 hours and still beneficial up to 12 hours in selected cases. Door-to-balloon time should ideally be less than 90 minutes.
Emergency evaluation includes ECG, blood tests, vitals, and oxygen support. Access is obtained via wrist (radial) or groin (femoral) artery, followed by angiography, balloon angioplasty, clot retrieval if needed, and drug-eluting stent implantation.
Primary PCI offers higher survival rates, better long-term heart function, lower risk of recurrent heart attack, reduced hospital stay, and preservation of heart muscle.
Patients are monitored in ICU/CCU and started on medications including dual antiplatelet therapy, statins, beta blockers, and ACE inhibitors. Lifestyle changes and cardiac rehabilitation are essential for recovery.
24×7 Primary PCI Program
Rapid, guideline-based emergency treatment of acute heart attacks using Primary Coronary Angioplasty to save lives, preserve heart muscle, and ensure the best possible outcomes.
