Balloon Mitral Valvotomy (BMV), also known as Percutaneous Transvenous Mitral Commissurotomy (PTMC), is a minimally invasive catheter-based procedure used to treat mitral valve stenosis. It is most commonly performed for rheumatic mitral stenosis, which remains prevalent in India and South Asia. The procedure opens the narrowed mitral valve using a special balloon catheter, improving blood flow without the need for open-heart surgery.
Balloon Mitral Valvotomy relieves valve narrowing and improves symptoms while avoiding open-heart surgery and prolonged recovery.
Mitral valve stenosis occurs when the valve between the left atrium and left ventricle becomes thickened or stiff due to scarring or calcium deposition. This restricts blood flow, leading to pressure buildup in the heart and lungs and progressive symptoms if left untreated.
- Breathlessness on exertion or while lying down
- Fatigue and reduced exercise tolerance
- Palpitations due to atrial fibrillation
- Swelling of legs and feet
- Chest discomfort
- Cough or blood-tinged sputum in advanced cases
When Is Balloon Mitral Valvotomy Recommended?
Based on ACC/AHA and ESC guidelines, Balloon Mitral Valvotomy is recommended in patients with symptomatic mitral stenosis and suitable valve anatomy.
Patients with mitral valve area ≤ 1.5 cm², NYHA class II–IV symptoms, favorable valve anatomy, no left atrial clot, and no or mild mitral regurgitation are ideal candidates.
The procedure is performed under conscious sedation or light anesthesia. Access is taken through the femoral vein, a transseptal puncture is performed, and a balloon catheter such as an Inoue balloon is inflated to open the mitral valve.
BMV results in immediate increase in valve area, improved breathing and exercise capacity, reduced pulmonary artery pressure, and delays or avoids the need for valve replacement.
Yes. Balloon Mitral Valvotomy is the preferred treatment for severe symptomatic mitral stenosis during pregnancy and provides life-saving benefit for the mother while protecting the fetus.
Patients with atrial fibrillation can benefit from BMV, provided left atrial clot is excluded and adequate anticoagulation is maintained.
Expert Balloon Mitral Valvotomy Program
Comprehensive evaluation and expert performance of Balloon Mitral Valvotomy using modern techniques to ensure symptom relief, safety, and long-term valve function.
